1929 History of Lycoming County by Col. Thomas W. Lloyd - INDEX

 HISTORY OF LYCOMING COUNTY

PENNSYLVANIA

By

Colonel Thomas W. Lloyd
Secretary of the Lycoming Historical Society

HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
TOPEKA--INDIANAPOLIS
1929

Preface

"To write a history of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, is no easy task. So many things enter into a discussion of the subject, many of them of minor importance except as they are related to others of greater moment, that to fully cover the entire ground is somewhat difficult.

In the present history that of the late John M. Meginness has been freely drawn upon and no attempt has been made to supersede his great work. That veritable mine of information will remain for all time the source of original research for everything relating to the early history of Lycoming County. It has only been the aim of the writer to supplement the labors of Meginness and bring them down to date as well as amplify some of the subjects which he treated only briefly. One of the most important of these is the giant lumber industry which made the city of Williamsport famous and its present prosperity a possibility. Other chapters have been added covering subjects of special historical interest which seemed to warrant more extended treatment.

There has been no attempt at fine writing, but only an earnest effort to tell in plain, simple language the story of the wonderful progress and development of Lycoming County and the city of Williamsport."

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This publication was originally written in two volumes: Volume 1 covers the historical aspects of the region, the settlement and civil development of the county, as well as a brief historical sketch of each township and major borough. Volume 2 contains the biographies of hundreds of prominent and leading individuals of the county. Many of these are also represented by portraits, although some are not as clear as others.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. LOCATION, ABORIGINES, EARLY EXPLORATIONS. LOCATION--TOPOGRAPHY--PRINCIPAL INDUSTRY-- ORIGINAL INHABITANTS--OTHER INDIAN TRIBES-- CONFLICTING CLAIMS--PENN'S PURCHASE--FIRST WHITE MAN HERE--OTHER WHITE SETTLERS--MORAVIAN MISSIONARIES--FRENCH MARGARET--INDIAN TROUBLES.	65-71
CHAPTER II. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR--EARLY SETTLEMENTS. BRITISH AND FRENCH RIVALRY--FORT AUGUSTA-- "CANNON HOLE"--EFFECT OF DEFEAT AT BUSHY RUN AND OCCUPATION OF FT. DUQUESNE--LAND GRANTS-- EARLY MANORS--PENN'S PLAN OF SELLING LAND--A NEW SYSTEM--OTHER METHODS OF ACQUIRING LANDS-- ABUSES OF LATER SYSTEMS	73-78
CHAPTER III. MUNCY MANOR--PINE CREEK--FAIR PLAY MEN--PINE CREEK DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. FIRST SETTLEMENT--SAMUEL WALLIS--REDEMPTIONERS --RUSH OF SETTLERS--EARLY TOWNS--NORTHUMBER- LAND COUNTY ERECTED IN 1772--INCLUDED PRESENT LYCOMING COUNTY--REVOLUTIONARY WAR AND ITS EFFECT-TIADAGHTON CREEK-FAIRPLAY MEN--HOW CHOSEN--MEMBERS--METHOD OF PROCEDURE--PINE CREEK DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE--REV. FITHIAN	79-89
CHAPTER IV. THE BIG RUNAWAY--FORT MUNCY. NEWS OF THE WYOMING MASSACRE--SETTLERS ORDERED TO FLEE TO FORT AUGUSTA FOR SAFETY--GREAT EXODUS FROM THE VALLEY--CLOSELY FOLLOWED BY INDIANS WHO DEVASTATED THE ENTIRE VALLEY--SHORTAGE OF FOOD IN THE FORT--LOCAL EFFECT OF THE BATTLE OF MONMOUTH--TROOPS ARRIVE--BUILDING OF FORT MUNCY--ANOTHER INDIAN RAID--FORT MUNCY DESTROYED--CIVIL AFFAIRS DEMORALIZED--ENGLISH INFLUENCE AMONG INDIANS.	90-96
CHAPTER V. COLONEL HARTLEY'S EXPEDITION--DEATH OF JAMES AND CAPTAIN JOHN BRADY. SELECTED TO LEAD EXPEDITION AGAINST INDIANS--PLAN OF CAMPAIGN--OBJECTIVE--ENGAGEMENTS WITH INDIANS--SUCCESS OF EXPEDITION--JAMES BRADY AND OTHERS KILLED BY INDIANS--CAPT. JOHN BRADY KILLED--CANOTHER INDIAN AND TORY RAID--FORTS BRADY AND FREELAND DESTROYED--GENERAL SULLIVAN'S INVASION--CAPTAIN KEMPLEN KILLED--COLONEL HUNTER--MOSES VAN CAMP--ROBERT COVENHAVEN.	97-105
CHAPTER VI. SETTLEMENT AT MUNCY--INDIAN DEPREDATIONS--CATHERINE SMITH. MUNCY MANOR DIVIDED--JOHN BRADY BUILDS FORT--LOCAL EFFECT OF THE REVOLUTION--PRESENCE OF TORIES--FREQUENT MASSACRES--SETTLERS ORGANIZE DEFENSE--SHORTAGE OF ARMS AND AMMUNITION--CATHERINE SMITH--THE WYOMING MASSACRE.	106-112
CHAPTER VII. LYCOMING COUNTY ERECTED. AN ATTRACTIVE LOCATION--NECESSITY FOR A NEW COUNTY--FAILURE OF MEASURE IN 1786--EFFORT TO REMOVE COUNTY SEAT DEFEATED--BILL ERECTING COUNTY PASSED IN 1795--EXTENT OF NEW COUNTY--FIRST OFFICIALS--SELECTING A COUNTY SEAT--COURTS ORGANIZED--RIVAL CLAIMANTS FOR COUNTY SEAT--WILLIAMSPORT SELECTED--JAIL AND COURT HOUSE BUILT.	113-120
CHAPTER VIII. OFFICERS OF LYCOMING COUNTY. PROTHONOTARIES--SHERIFFS--REGISTERS AND RECORDERS--CORONERS--TREASURERS-- DISTRICT ATTORNEYS--COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.	121-127
CHAPTER IX. EARLY ROADS--STAGE COACHES--CANALS --RAILROADS. FIRST HIGHWAYS--THE GENESEE ROAD--COUDERSPORT PIKE--RIVER THE FIRST MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION-- CANAL BUILDING--FIRST RAILROAD COMPLETED--OTHER RAILROADS--TRANSPORTATION OF LUMBER--PENNSYLVANIA'S SYSTEM--PETER HERDIC--RESIDENT RAILROAD OFFICIALS--READING RAILROAD--RIVER TRANSPORTATION.	128-136
CHAPTER X. EARLY INDUSTRIES. AN EARLY SIGNBOARD--HESHBON--McKINLEYS FORGE-- EARLY FURNACES--SAWMILLS AND GRIST MILLS-- OTHER INDUSTRIES--HORTICULTURE--FIRST FOUNDRY-- EARLY MANUFACTURING--SALT WELLS--SALT MANUFACTURING--CEMENT ROCK.	137-143
CHAPTER XI. GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND NATURAL RESOURCES. FORMATION--MOUNTAIN PLATEAU LANDS--AGRICULTURAL LAND--GEOLOGICAL MEASURES--MOUNTAIN PEAKS--FERTILE VALLEYS--OUTCROPPING OF VARIOUS FORMATIONS--GLACIER PERIOD--COAL--IRON ORE--STONE.	144-153
CHAPTER XII. GROWTH OF THE COUNTY--LUMBER INDUSTRY. A PICTURESQUE REGION--POPULATION IN 1800--PIONEER HOMES AND FARMS--THE LUMBER INDUSTRY APPEARS--FINEST LUMBER DISTRICT IN THE WORLD--SAW MILLS--ENORMOUS PRODUCTION OF LUMBER--PASSING OF THE LUMBER INDUSTRY--MANUFACTURING--SCENERY, CLIMATE AND WATER.	154-158
CHAPTER XIII. BOROUGHS. JERSEY SHORE--SOUTH WILLIAMSPORT--MUNCY-- MONTOURSVILLE.	159-173
CHAPTER XIV. BOROUGHS, CONTINUED. MONTGOMERY--HUGHESVILLE--DUBOISTOWN--PICTURE ROCKS--SALLADASBURG--RALSTON.	174-186
CHAPTER XV. TOWNSHIPS. MUNCY TOWNSHIP--WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP--BRADY TOWNSHIP--CLINTON TOWNSHIP--FRANKLIN TOWN- SHIP--MORELAND TOWNSHIP.	187-203
CHAPTER XVI. TOWNSHIPS, CONTINUED. MUNCY CREEK TOWNSHIP--JORDAN TOWNSHIP--WOLF TOWNSHIP--MILL CREEK TOWNSHIP--PENN TOWN- SHIP--PLUNKETT'S CREEK TOWNSHIP--FAIRFIELD TOWN- SHIP--UPPER FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP--SHREWSBURY TOWNSHIP-- McINTYRE TOWNSHIP--CASCADE TOWN- SHIP	204-218
CHAPTER XVII. TOWNSHIPS, CONTINUED. GAMBLE TOWNSHIP--McNETT TOWNSHIP--ARMSTRONG TOWNSHIP--LOYALSOCK TOWNSHIP--HEPBURN TOWN- SHIP--ELDRED TOWNSHIP----OLD LYCOMING TOWN- SHIP--LYCOMING TOWNSHIP----LEWIS TOWNSHIP-- LIMESTONE TOWNSHIP.	219-239
CHAPTER XVIII. TOWNSHIPS, CONCLUDED. NIPPENOSE TOWNSHIP--SUSQUEHANNA TOWNSHIP--BASTRESS TOWNSHIP--WOODWARD TOWNSHIP--ANTHONY TOWNSHIP--COGAN HOUSE TOWNSHIP--PORTER TOWNSHIP--MIFFLIN TOWNSHIP--PIATT TOWNSHIP--JACKSON TOWNSHIP--WATSON TOWNSHIP--BROWN TOWNSHIP--CUMMINGS TOWNSHIP--PINE TOWNSHIP--McHENRY TOWNSHIP.	240-256
CHAPTER XIX. BENCH AND BAR. FIRST COURTS HELD AT JAYSBURG--WILLIAM HEPBURN FIRST JUDGE--JUDGE COOPER--OTHER EARLY JUDGES-- LATER JUDGES--ASSOCIATE JUDGES--FIRST LAWYERS-- LATER DAY LAWYERS--PRESENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR	257-266
CHAPTER XX. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. THE FIRST PHYSICIAN IN THE VALLEY--DR. LATHEY FIRST TO LOCATE IN WILLIAMSPORT--OTHER PIONEER DOCTORS--THE OLD TIME DOCTOR--PIONEER METHODS--PRESENT DAY PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.	267-271
CHAPTER XXI. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS FIRST CHURCH SOCIETY--MISSIONARIES--REV. ISAAC GRIER--FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ORGANIZED-- SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH--FIRST METHODIST CHURCH--EPISCOPAL CHURCH-- LUTHERAN--BAPTIST-- HEBREW--CATHOLIC.	272-279
CHAPTER XXII. MILITARY HISTORY. PATRIOTISM BEFORE AND DURING REVOLUTION--CAPTAIN LOWDON ORGANIZED COMPANY WHICH JOINED WASHINGTON'S ARMY--OTHER COMPANIES FROM THIS SECTION--TWO COMPANIES ORGANIZED FOR WAR OF 1812--MEXICAN WAR--ORGANIZATIONS WHICH SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR FROM LYCOMING COUNTY--EMERGENCY TROOPS--SAWDUST WAR--TWELFTH REGIMENT--RAILROAD RIOTS--SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR--MEXICAN BORDER--MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS.	280-295
CHAPTER XXIII. THE WORLD WAR. STATE OF WAR DECLARED--RECRUITING--FIRST IN SERVICE--BATTERY D AND COMPANY D--FIRST LIBERTY LOAN--RED CROSS--FIRST MEN TO LEAVE FOR SERVICE--HEAVY ENLISTMENTS--OVATION TO SOLDIERS--FOOD ADMINISTRATOR APPOINTED--BATTERY D IN FRANCE--OTHER LYCOMING COUNTY TROOPS IN ACTION--DECORATIONS FOR HEROISM--SIGNING OF THE ARMISTICE--DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS.	296-302
CHAPTER XXIV. WILLIAMSPORT. COUNTY SEAT RIVALRY--JAYSBURG AND OTHER ASPIRANTS--WILLIAMSPORT SELECTED--FIRST LOG BUILDING USED FOR COURT--LOG COURT HOUSE BUILT IN 1804--RUSSELL INN FIRST HOUSE ERECTED IN WILLIAMSPORT--LOT FOR COURTHOUSE DONATED BY MICHAEL ROSS--OTHER BUILDINGS ERECTED--EARLY DAY TAVERNS.	303-311
CHAPTER XXV. WILLIAMSPORT, CONTINUED. FIRST BRICK BUILDING STILL STANDING--SECOND BRICK HOUSE--PIONEER BUSINESS MEN--EARLY CHURCHES--FIRST GRIST MILL--DISTILLERY--TANNERY--IRON FOUNDRY--ORIGIN OF NAME IN DOUBT--WILLIAMSPORT INCORPORATED A BOROUGH IN 1806--BURGESSES--POPULATION IN 1850 AND 1860--CITY INCORPORATED IN 1866--MAYORS--ADDITIONS TO CITY--A LUMBER CENTER--"BIG WATER MILL."	312-319
CHAPTER XXVI. WILLIAMSPORT, CONTINUED. "BIG WATER MILL" PASSES TO PETER HERDIC--FIRST STEAM SAW MILL--OTHER SAW MILLS--THE SUSQUEHANNA BOOM--GREAT STRIDES OF THE LUMBER INDUSTRY--PASSING OF THE GREAT INDUSTRY--NEW INDUSTRIES--RAILROADS--HOTELS--VALUATION--CEMETERIES--PARKS-- STREETS--DIVERSITIES OF INDSUTRIES--POST OFFICE--SCHOOLS--PRODUCTS.	320-327
CHAPTER XXVII. WILLIAMSPORT, CONCLUDED. WILLIAMSPORT PRODUCTS--ANNUAL VALUE OF PRODUCTION--NUMBER EMPLOYED--MANY LARGE EMPLOYERS--CITY GOVERNMENT--THE CLARK ACT--PRESENT OFFICERS.	328-336
CHAPTER XXVIII. THE LUMBER INDUSTRY PENNSYLVANIA AS A LUMBER STATE--WHITE PINE, HEMLOCK AND OTHER VARIETIES--BARK PEELING--YIELD TO THE ACRE--PRESENT DAY FOREST CONSERVATION--METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LUMBER--THE LUMBER CAMPS--LOGGING--TRANSPORTING LOGS TO STREAMS--THE DRIVE--LUMBERMEN.	337-343
CHAPTER XXIX. THE LUMBER INDUSTRY, CONTINUED CUTTING LOGS--HAULING TO LANDINGS--HAZARODOUS WORK--THE SNUB LINE--LIFE IN THE FOREST--MAJOR PERKINS ENTERS THE LUMBER INDUSTRY--BUILT THE FIRST BOOM--HARBOR FOR LOGS--SUSQUEHANNA BOOM COMPANY INCOPRORATED--LOYALSOCK BOOM COMPANY ORGANIZED--METHOD OF MARKING LOGS--CAPACITY OF BOOM--FEES.	344-356
CHAPTER XXX. LUMBER INDUSTRY, CONCLUDED. COST OF BOOM LOGS--PETER HERDIC ACQUIRED CONTROL--IMPETUS TO LUMBER BUSINESS--RIVER USED FOR TRANSPORTATION--DAMS CONSTRUCTED--DAMAGING FLOODS--GREAT LOSS OF LOGS--KINDS OF SAWS USED--IMPLEMENTS IN USE--TYPE OF MEN EMPLOYED.	357-363
CHAPTER XXXI. NEWSPAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS. WILLIAM F. BUYERS ESTABLISHES FIRST NEWSPAPER IN 1801--LYCOMING GAZETTE--THE CHRONICLE--EARLY DAY NEWSPAPER MEN--THE GAZETTE PUBLISHES A DAILY--THE WEST BRANCH BULLETIN--GAZETTE AND BULLETIN CONSOLIDATED--A MORNING AND EVENING NEWSPAPER--PURCHASED IN 1926 BY THE SUN AND NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY--OTHER NEWSPAPERS--THE GRIT, "AMERICA'S GREATEST FAMILY NEWSPAPER," A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER OF NATIONAL CIRCULATION--OTHER PUBLICATIONS--PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION.	364-379
CHAPTER XXXII. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. BOARD OF TRADE ORGANIZED--AFTERWARDS CHANGED TO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE--A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM--IT'S RECORD OF ACHIEVEMENTS--COMBINED WITH MOTOR CLUB--OFFICE IN LYCOMING HOTEL--PUBLICITY BUREAU--AN ACTIVE ORGANIZATION.	380-388
CHAPTER XXXIII. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS--THE W. J. BROWN LIBRARY. FIRST TEACHER--OTHER EARLY TEACHERS--WILLIAMSPORT ACADEMY--A YOUNG LADIES SEMINARY--PUBLIC SCHOOL LAW OF 1834--SCHOOL LAW IN OPERATION--FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOL OPENED IN 1835--MODERN SCHOOLS--SCHOOL BOARD--DICKSON SEMINARY, SUCCESSFUL RECORD OF EIGHTY-ONE YEARS, COURSES--PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS--THE JAMES V. BROWN LIBRARY, OFFICERS--THE LYCOMING HISTORICAL SOCIETY.	389-397
CHAPTER XXXIV. WELFARE INSTITUTIONS--SERVICE CLUBS. WILLIAMSPORT HOSPITAL--HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS--YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION--YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.	398-409
CHAPTER XXXV. WELFARE INSTITUTIONS--SERVICE CLUBS, CONTINUED. CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY--AGED COLORED WOMEN'S HOME--FLORENCE CRITTENTON MISSION--AMERICAN RED CROSS--LYCOMING COUNTY TYBERCULOSIS SOCIETY--CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETY--SALVATION ARMY--BOY SCOUTS--COMMUNITY WELFARE ASSOCIATION--ROTARY CLUB--KIWANIS CLUB--LIONS--EXCHANGE--MONARCHS.	410-420
CHAPTER XXXVI. FRATERNAL SOCIETIES. MASONS--ODD FELLOWS--KNIGHTS OF MALTA--KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS--KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE--MACCABEES--ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS--P. O. S. OF A.--RED MEN--ROYAL ARCANUM--WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN UNION--UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS--ELKS--LOYAL ORDER OF MOOSE--LYCOMING MEDICAL SOCIETY--VARIOUS WAR VETERANS' ORGANIZATIONS--MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES--LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.	421-430
CHAPTER XXXVII. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. THE WEST BRANCH BANK ORGANIZED IN 1835--FIRST NATIONAL BANK--WILLIAMSPORT NATIONAL BANK--LYCOMING NATIONAL BANK--SAVINGS INSTITUTION OF THE CITY OF WILLIAMSPORT--THE SUSQUEHANNA TRUST COMPANY--LYCOMING TRUST COMPANY--BANK OF NEWBERRY--CITIZENS STATE BANK--OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS--COMMUNITY DISCOUNT COMPANY--WILLIAMSPORT CLEARING HOUSE ASSOCIATION.	431-434
CHAPTER XXXVIII. FIRE DEPARTMENT--GREAT LUMBER FIRES. DIFFICULTY OF FIGHTING LUMBER FIRES--BUCKET BRIGADE--FIRST FIRE ENGINE--VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT--FIRE BOARD--FIRE COMPANIES--PAID DEPARTMENT--FIRST MOTOR DRIVEN COMBINATION--FIRST CHIEF'S AUTOMOBILE--OTHER MODERN EQUIPMENT ADDED--CHIEFS--SOME DESTRUCTIVE LUMBER FIRES.	435-444
CHAPTER XXXIX. MUSICAL ORGANIZATIONS. FIRST BRASS BAND--REPASZ BAND--NOTED MUSICIANS--THE OLDEST BAND IN THE UNITED STATES--SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR--OTHER BANDS--THE IMPERIAL TETEQUES--ORCHESTRAS.	445-447
CHAPTER XL. THE SILK INDUSTRY. A LEADING INDUSTRY OF WILLIAMSPORT--VALUE OF PRODUCT--AN ARMY OF EMPLOYEES--JOHN N. STERNS AND COMPANY--HOLMES SILK COMPANY--DEMAREST SILK COMPANY--W. R. HAEHN COMPANY, INC.--KEYSTONE SILK COMPANY--LEONARD W. WOOD SILK COMPANY--NATIONAL SILK DYEING COMPANY.	448-453
CHAPTER XLI. WILLIAMSPORT'S INDUSTRIES. FURNITURE FACTORIES--W. D. CROOKS AND SONS--WILLIAMSPORT FURNITURE COMPANY--THE CROMAR COMPANY--THE J. K. RISHEL FURNITURE COMPANY--PLANING MILLS--CULLER FURNITURE COMPANY--THE LYCOMING MANUFACTURING COMPANY, EMPLOYS 2,500 MEN, PRODUCTION, ASSETS, OFFICERS--KEYSTONE RUBER COMPANY--OTHER MANUFACTURING COMPANIES--WILLIAMSPORT WIRE ROPE COMPANY.	454-468
CHAPTER XLII. WILLIAMSPORT'S INDUSTRIES, CONTINUED. ARMOUR LEATHER COMPANY--THE J. E. DAYTON COMPANY--U. S. SANDPAPER COMPANY--STANDARD WOOD PIPE COMPANY--C. A. REED COMPANY--L. M. CANSTER COMPANY--WINNER-FRANCK BAKING COMPANY--DARLING VALVE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY--FLACK BREWING COMPANY--OTHER MANUFACTURING COMPANIES AND PLANTS.	469-476
CHAPTER XLIII. PETER HERDIC PETER HERDIC.	477-487
CHAPTER XLIV. NOTABLE MEN OF EARLY DAYS MICHAEL ROSS--WILLIAM F. PACKER--SAMUEL WALLIS--THE BRADY FAMILY--ROBERT COVENHOVEN.	488-503
CHAPTER XLV. LYCOMING COUNTY IN ART AND LITERATURE SEVERAL ATTAIN PROMINENCE--S. ROESEN--GEORGE BENJAMIN LUKS--S. WINNER--MARY PARKER CARTER DODGE--JULIET LEWIS--ROBERT HAWLEY--J. WESLEY LITTLE--OTHERS OF NOTE--THOMAS J. McELRATH.	504-507
CHAPTER XLVI. RAFTING ON THE SUSQUEHANNA. BEGAN IN 1796--RAFTSMEN--THREE KINDS OF RAFTS--MADE UP AT VARIOUS POINTS--DANGEROUS OCCUPATION--"RAFTING IN"--AN INDUSTRY OF THE PAST	508-512
CHAPTER XLVII. "CANALING IN THE OLD DAYS." PACKET BOATS--CARRIED MAIL AND EXPRESS--FURNISHINGS--CAPTAINS--TOWNS REACHED--CANAL SYSTEM--DEMONSTRATION AT OPENING OF NEW WATER WAY--DIFFICULTIES OF CANAL BUILDING--POLITICS AS NOW--WEST BRANCH AND OTHER CANALS--TOLLS--TWO FAMOUS PACKET BOATS--COMMANDERS--CAPTAIN FAGLES--FREIGHT BOATS--THE RETURN TO WATERWAYS.	513-525
CHAPTER XLVIII. THE WILLIAMSON ROAD--THE SUSQUEHANNA TRAIL. BUILDING OF THE WILLIAMSON ROAD--A PIONEER PROJECT--OPERATIONS BEGUN IN 1792--EXTENDED TO WHAT IS NOW BATH, N. Y.--STAGE ROUTE FOR SEVERAL YEARS--NOW A PART OF THE SUSQUEHANNA TRAIL-- GREAT SCENIC HIGHWAY--WASHINGTON TO BUFFALO --THROUGH HISTORIC AND PICTURESQUE COUNTRY.	526-530
CHAPTER XLIX. EARLY RIVER AND LAND TRANSPORTATION--STREAMS--ISLANDS. INDIANS METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION--THE CANOE--THE BATEAU--SKIFF--FLAT BOATS--KEEL BOATS--BARGES--ARKS--CANAL BOATS--PACK HORSES--SNOW SHOES--DRAG--SLEDGE--WAGONS AND STAGE COACH--STREAMS--BAILEY'S ISLAND.	531-542
CHAPTER L. INDIAN TRAILS--FRONTIER FORTS. THE FIRST TRAIL BUILDERS--SUNBURY THE CENTRAL POINT--NUMEROUS INDIAN TRAILS--INDIAN TRAILS FOLLOWED BY THE WHITE MAN IN BUILDING ROADS--NECESSITY OF FORTS--FORT AUGUSTA--FORT FREELAND--CAPTAIN JOHN BRADY'S STOCKADE--FORT MUNCY--FORT ANTES--FORT HARRIS AND FORT HALL	543-548
CHAPTER LI. INDIAN MASSACRES. FREQUENCY OF MASSACRES--INCITED BY THE BRITISH--MASSACRE ON PENN'S CREEK--AT FORT ANTES--ON LOYALSOCK CREEK--NUMEROUS KILLINGS IN 1777 AND 1778--HORSES AND CATTLE STOLEN BY INDIANS--"PLUM TREE MASSACRE"-- CHILDREN CARRIED AWAY BY INDIANS--KILLING OF JAMES BRADY AND OTHERS--SETTLERS FREQUENTLY WAYLAID--CAPTAIN JOHN BRADY KILLED BY INDIANS--CAPTURE OF SWEENEY AND KILLING OF COOL.	549-558
CHAPTER LII. WILD ANIMALS AND BIRDS. THE HABITAT OF MANY WILD ANIMALS AND BIRDS--NUMEROUS SMALL ANIMALS--COON--FOX--WILDCAT--CATAMOUNT-- PANTHER--BLACK BEAR--DEER--ELK--WOLVES--MANY BIRDS NOW EXTINCT--PIGEONS--GROUSE--OWLS--WILD TURKEYS-- QUAIL--HAWK--CROW--WOODCOCK--EAGLE--OTHER BIRDS .	559-571
CHAPTER LIII. MISCELLANEOUS. THE HEY COLONIZATION SCHEME--PASTIMES IN EARLY DAYS--LOCALISMS--UNDERGROUND RAILROAD--SAW DUST WAR.